Gender Dysphoria

What gender dysphoria means

Gender dysphoria is a term used in the DSM-5-TR to describe clinically significant distress that can arise when a person’s gender identity differs from the sex they were assigned at birth. The term refers to the distress, not to being transgender or gender diverse in itself; many transgender and gender-diverse people do not experience gender dysphoria. The ICD-11 takes a different approach, using the term “gender incongruence” and placing it in a chapter on conditions related to sexual health rather than among mental disorders.

Psychology studies gender identity as part of human development and diversity. Research also shows that stigma, discrimination and lack of social support can add to stress for transgender and gender-diverse people, a pattern described by minority stress theory.

Talking to a professional

Questions about gender identity are personal, and the right support depends on each person’s age, situation and goals. Approaches to care, especially for young people, vary between countries and continue to be reviewed, so local professional guidance is important.

Starting points include a primary care doctor (GP), licensed therapists and psychologists experienced in gender identity, and specialist gender services where available. LGBTQ+ support organizations can also offer information and community connection.

Before an appointment, it can help to note down your questions, what you have noticed and any medicines you already take. It is reasonable to ask about the options available, what the research says about them and what happens next. Good clinicians welcome questions and explain things in plain language.

Learn more

To learn more, see our pages on LGBTQ+ mental health, identity development and how to find a therapist. Our guide to types of mental health professionals explains who does what.