Antipsychotics

What antipsychotics are

Antipsychotics are a class of prescription medicines that doctors may use in the treatment of psychosis, including in conditions such as schizophrenia, and in some mood disorders such as bipolar disorder. They act mainly on the brain’s chemical-messenger systems, particularly dopamine and, for many newer medicines, serotonin. They are often grouped into older “first-generation” (typical) and newer “second-generation” (atypical) medicines.

In psychology, antipsychotics are discussed as one part of a broader approach to serious mental illness that can also include psychological therapy, family support, early intervention services and help with work, education and housing. Their introduction in the 1950s is an important chapter in the history of modern psychiatry.

Talking to a professional

Decisions about these medicines involve weighing possible benefits against side effects and a person’s physical health, and they usually require ongoing monitoring. Only a prescriber who knows the individual can do this. Anyone with questions about a current prescription should talk to their prescriber or pharmacist rather than making changes on their own.

Relevant professionals include psychiatrists, primary care doctors (GPs), mental health nurses, pharmacists, and early intervention or community mental health teams. Psychologists and licensed therapists provide talking therapies alongside medical care.

Before an appointment, it can help to note down your questions, what you have noticed and any medicines you already take. It is reasonable to ask about the options available, what the research says about them and what happens next. Good clinicians welcome questions and explain things in plain language.

Learn more

To learn more, see our pages on psychosis, schizophrenia and the difference between psychiatrists and psychologists. Our guide to types of mental health professionals explains who does what.